Approximately onethird of humeral fractures occur in this region. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities. A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper. The shoulder joint is essentially a ball and socket joint. The humerus bone is one of the major bones in the upper arm that provides structure and function for an individual. Cats lack the supratrochlear foramen, but they have a supracondylar foramen proximal to the medial epicondyle. Distal humeral fractures in osteoporotic bone are particularly. The elbow itself is essentially a hinge joint, meaning it bends and straightens like a hinge. Clavicle collarbone scapula shoulder blade humerus upper arm bone most ball and socket joints are constructed of a large socket into which the ball fits nicely which is a very stable structure. The head of your upper arm bone fits into a rounded socket in your shoulder blade. May 12, 2020 the humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It attaches proximally via the head of the humerus to the scapula and articulates distally at the elbow joint with the ulna and the radius. This is called a supracondylar supra con dy ler humerus fracture. The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.
The glenohumeral joint is where the ball humeral head and the socket the glenoid meet. No matter what youre looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. Some specifics of structure include the formation of the joints and the support. Many muscles which manipulate the arm, at the forearm, at the elbow and the shoulder are anchored to the humerus bone. Aoota classification pdf ao surgery reference ao foundation. The humerus hu mer us bone is the long, thick bone in the upper arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow. A proximal humerus fracture usually occurs close to the shoulder joint and can be located at.
A 58yearold female slipped and fell and sustained a closed rightsided displaced humerus fracture with a medial butterfly fragment. This long bone that sits within the arm of the upper limb. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, humerus researchgate. It is the longest and also strongest bone of the upper limb. We collaborate with our customers to invent, design and manufacture bone and softtissue models that help doctors learn and improve their skills and help medical device makers showcase the unique advantages of their products. Working around a spiraling radial nerve at the posterior midshaft requires either a transmuscular dissection or a tricepsavoiding paramuscular technique. A ct scan was also performed at the outside hospital. Bone, cartilage and joints, with an extensor surface that faces posteriorly, and a flexor surface that faces anteriorly. The humerus articulates proximal region by the scapula at the shoulder joint and radius and distal region with ulna at the elbow joint. The animations in this video were made using visible body muscle premium 2. Sawbones is the leader in medical training models for orthopedic and medical education. It articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa of the scapula and distally with the radius and ulna. Anatomical and surgical neck both of the humerus are highly susceptible to fracture. International meeting on simulation in healthcare 2020 imsh january 18 22 sawbones will be at imsh 2020 in san diego, ca booth 1037 the international meeting on.
It consists of a proximal end, a shaft and a distal end, all which contain important anatomical landmarks. A proximal humerus fracture occurs when the ball of the ball and socket joint in the shoulder is broken, meaning the break is actually located at the top of the humerusor arm bone. So here we can see both an anterior and posterior view on the slide. Humerus fracture upper arm fracture johns hopkins medicine. Knowledge of local anatomy is paramount in the evaluation and treatment of these injuries. It is a clinically important anatomical feature of the humerus as it is the most frequently fractured site of the proximal humerus, putting the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral branch of the. A distal humerus fracture is a break in the lower end of the upper arm bone humerus, one of the three bones that come together to form the elbow joint. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, humerus statpearls ncbi. A fracture in this area can be very painful and make elbow motion difficult or impossible. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. Supracondylar humerus fracture nationwide childrens. The humerus narrows below the tubercles again in a region known as the surgical neck before extending toward elbow joint as the body of the humerus. The proximal humerus is the ball shaped portion of the humerus, or the top part of the arm bone. Apr 24, 2016 can you identify the anatomy of the humerus.
Understanding growth plate anatomy and physiology enables practic. We sought to reexplore the anatomy of the lateral arm to determine its utility as a donor site for vascularized bone. The humerus anatomy of the humerus anatomymedicine. The humerus articulates with the scapula proximally at the glenohumeral joint so it participates in the movements of the shoulder. Many powerful muscles that manipulate the upper arm at the shoulder and the forearm at the elbow are anchored to the humerus.
It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the. Play sporcle s virtual live trivia to have fun, connect with people, and get your trivia on. The humerus is referred to as the bone of the arm and sometimes commonly referred to as the funny bone. About a third of the way to the elbow, the humerus swells into a small process known as the deltoid tuberosity, which supports the insertion point of the deltoid muscle. The humerus also known as the upper arm bone is a long bone that runs from the shoulder and scapula shoulder blade to the elbow. This video describes the bony markings of the humerus. At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as the forearms radial bone connects to the wrist. Sawbones best anatomical medical training models for. They cover the head of your upper arm bone and attach it to your shoulder blade. Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and oneofakind products and gifts related to your search. Surgical neck of humerus musculoskeletal, skeletal. The anatomy of the ulnar nerve is extremely variable in its course in the distal part of the humerus. Movement of the humerus is essential to all of the varied activities of the arm, such as throwing, lifting, and writing.
Sep 19, 2014 the humerus is a relatively common site of pathological fracture. The surgical neck of the humerus on the other hand is a constriction of the humerus located inferior to the greater and lesser tubercles. Distal humerus fractures of the elbow orthoinfo aaos. S117 ao pediatric comprehensive classification of long bone fractures pccf. The most proximal portion of the humerus is the head of the humerus.
It moves in the socket of the shoulder joint called the glenoid. Rehabilitation guidelines for proximal humerus fracture non operative 2 p a g e phase ii continued precautions dc sling x 3 weeks if cleared by md aarom to 90 degrees forward flexion and 40 degrees er suggested therapeutic exercises arom cervical, elbow, wrist and hand pendelums gripping exercises scapular pnf. At its proximal end, the humerus forms a smooth, spherical. The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, part of the shoulder blade scapula and the collar bone clavicle meet. A proximal humerus fracture is a break in the arm bone near the shoulder, or a.
Growth of bone long bones grow from the epiphyseal plate growth plate at each end. Information regarding humeral head vascularity, fracture patterns, bone quality, and overall geometry have direct implications for nonoperative treatment, internal fixation, and hemiarthroplasty. Both ends grow, but generally one end will grow faster than the other. The fracture can be caused by a direct blow to the upper arm or occur when the humeral head strikes the glenoid or the acromion 35. Humerus, long bone of the upper limb or forelimb of land vertebrates that forms the shoulder joint above, where it articulates with a lateral depression of the shoulder blade glenoid cavity of scapula, and the elbow joint below, where it articulates with projections of the ulna and the radius. Explore and learn about the humerus with our 3d interactive anatomy atlas. Reexploring the anatomy of the distal humerus for its role. Pdf on oct 1, 2017, prasad nc and others published a study on segments of humerus and its clinical importance find, read and cite. It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral gh joint, and distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. Montavon, in feline orthopedic surgery and musculoskeletal disease, 2009. The posterior aspect of the distal portion of the lateral supracondylar ridge is strong and bulky. The proximal humerus is important because it forms half of the shoulder joint. The most common mechanism of injury for a proximal humerus fracture is a fall on an outstretched arm in an elderly patient with osteoporotic bone.
The region articulates forming part of the shoulder joint. The humerus in cats is straighter and more slender than in dogs. Join a live hosted trivia game for your favorite pub trivia experience done virtually. The neurovascular and muscular anatomy about the humerus precludes the use of a truly safe fully extensile approach. Arteriovenous anatomy, pedicle length and diameter, and anatomic variability as well as photo documentation was recorded. Intraoperative fluoroscopic ap and lateral images reveal adequate reduction and alignment left images and radiographs at 6 months reveal a healed humerus fracture in excellent alignment with maintenance of reduction and fixation right images. Depending on the location and severity of the fracture, some bones may heal without surgery. Pdf the humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. Fractures of the humerus are classified in one of two ways. Like the femur, the treatment of humerus fractures depends upon the fracture location and pattern. Mar 02, 2017 a proximal humerus fracture occurs when the ball of the ball and socket joint in the shoulder is broken, meaning the break is actually located at the top of the humerusor arm bone. The upper part of the humerus forms part of the shoulder joint and the lower part of the bone helps form part of the elbow joint.
Understanding anatomy is the key to successful treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal. At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as the forearms radial bone connects to the. Suspect pathological fracture if any of the following features are present. The ulnar nerve runs initially in the anterior compartment of the arm and goes posteriorly through the medial intermuscular septum at an average distance of about 68 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle with a range of between 5 and 11 cm. Also note location of sulcus for ulnar nerve in relation to placement of medial plate, as well as location of radial nerve sulcus in relation to proximal placement of plates. Abstract in this work computational models are developed to analyze bone remodeling of the humerus after a shoulder arthroplasty using either a cemented or pressfit stem. Proximal humeral articular fractures involving the anatomical. The first peak refers to males aged 1219 years and usually occurs after highenergy trauma, whereas the second peak occurs in elderly women, with osteoporotic bone, as a result of lowenergy trauma and falls. Journal of orthopaedic trauma volume 32, number 1 supplement, january 2018. Oct 24, 2018 distal humerus fractures in adults have an estimated annual incidence of 5. Important anatomic differences between the humerus in dogs and cats exist, mainly affecting the distal part of the bone. He is renowned for his ability to handle the most difficult of trauma cases and has dedicated his life, not only to his patients, but also to teaching the surgeons of the future.
Shoulder pain and common shoulder problems orthoinfo aaos. Learn all about nathan endres, md, is an orthopedic surgeon at and assistant professor at the uvm medical center. International journal of orthopaedics sciences 2017. Schaefer ms, dvm, in brinker, piermattei and flos handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair fifth edition, 2016. Note medial and lateral columns, connected by trochlea, thus forming triangle of distal humerus.
Jan 30, 2015 the humerus is the long bone in the upper arm. Apr 05, 20 this video describes the bony markings of the humerus. Anatomy and classification of proximal humerus fractures. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. May 22, 2017 the anatomy of the ulnar nerve is extremely variable in its course in the distal part of the humerus. The equine humerus is a relatively short, compact bone with a. The humerus is the both the largest bone in the arm and the only bone in the upper arm. Fragility fractures of the proximal humerus commonly occur at the metaphysis, or surgical neck, of the humerus and are impacted and minimally displaced. Most of the rounded head of the upper end of the humerus. Humeral fractures comprise 34% of forelimb fractures and 10% of all fractures in the dog. The anatomy of the shoulder the shoulder a complex joint the basics.
Nabil ebraheim has been a practicing orthopaedic surgeon for approximately 35 years and has trained around the globe with leaders in orthopaedic trauma. The intercondylar fracture pattern is the most common type. She was taken to an outside hospital and placed in a splint for initial management. At the shoulder, the humerus connects to the frame of the body via the glenoid fossa of the scapula. Upper extremity fractures generally occur with a fall onto an outstretched arm. Elbow anatomy midwest bone and joint institute, orthopedic. Physiology, anatomy, and trauma p athologic conditions affecting epi physeal growth plates in imma ture animals may result in severe orthopedic problems such as limb short ening, angular limb deformity, or joint incongruity. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. The humerus is described as having a proximal region, shaft, and distal region. Distal humerus fractures in adults have an estimated annual incidence of 5. Humerus bones and surface anatomy of upper limb lecturio. Musadiq khan durrani 1 musadiq khan durrani ucmd university of lahore 2.
Twelve fresh, siliconeinjected cadaver dissections were performed. Syndesmosis bones held together by strong ligaments that allow. The humerus is most frequently fractured as the result of a fall or motor vehicle crash. Nov 05, 2014 uvm medical center blog blog orthopedics 101. Bone is modelled as a porous material, characterized by. Your childs humerus is fractured broken near the elbow area, just above the joint. Appointments no pt for 3 weeks, unless otherwise specified by md rehabilitation goals modalities to control pain and swelling protect fracture site maintain rom in surrounding joints prevent deconditioning. When an excessive axial compressive force is transmitted through the lateral condyle, often due to a highenergy valgus deformation of the elbow, with a rotational component, a fracture line can separate the capitellum from the trochlea and the posterolateral portion of the lateral pillar breaks. Introduction fractures of the adult distal humerus compromise 2% of all fractures. Limb swelling predating fracture, or marked postfracture swelling.
The humerus begins proximally as a rounded head and joins the greater and lesser tubercles via the anatomical neck of the humerus. At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as. The hss orthopedic trauma service has conducted many studies. Biomechanics, glenohumeral joint, humerus, shoulder arthroplasty, bone remodelling, finite element method.
A combination of muscles and tendons keeps your arm bone centered in your shoulder socket. Surgical exposures of the humerus the neurovascular and muscular anatomy about the humerus precludes the use of a truly safe fully extensile approach. Robert lewis maynard, noel downes, in anatomy and histology of the laboratory rat in toxicology and biomedical research, 2019. The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. Complications of open reduction and internal fixation of.
Pdf a study on segments of humerus and its clinical importance. Sawbones creates the worlds best medical training display and simulation models. The bones of the elbow are the humerus the upper arm bone, the ulna the larger bone of the forearm, on the opposite side of the thumb, and the radius the smaller bone of the forearm on the same side as the thumb. He is fellowship trained in sports medicine, shoulder surgery and orthopedic trauma. The shoulder joint is a ballandsocket joint composed of three bones.
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